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QUESTION NO: 1
For each intermediate key, each reducer task can emit:
A. As many final key-value pairs as desired. There are no restrictions on the types of those key-value pairs (i.e., they can be heterogeneous).
B. As many final key-value pairs as desired, but they must have the same type as the intermediate key-value pairs.
C. As many final key-value pairs as desired, as long as all the keys have the same type and all the values have the same type.
D. One final key-value pair per value associated with the key; no restrictions on the type.
E. One final key-value pair per key; no restrictions on the type.
Answer: C
Reference: Hadoop Map-Reduce Tutorial; Yahoo! Hadoop Tutorial, Module 4: MapReduce

QUESTION NO: 2
You write MapReduce job to process 100 files in HDFS. Your MapReduce algorithm uses
TextInputFormat: the mapper applies a regular expression over input values and emits key-values pairs with the key consisting of the matching text, and the value containing the filename and byte offset. Determine the difference between setting the number of reduces to one and settings the number of reducers to zero.
A. There is no difference in output between the two settings.
B. With zero reducers, no reducer runs and the job throws an exception. With one reducer, instances of matching patterns are stored in a single file on HDFS.
C. With zero reducers, all instances of matching patterns are gathered together in one file on HDFS.
With one reducer, instances of matching patterns are stored in multiple files on HDFS.
D. With zero reducers, instances of matching patterns are stored in multiple files on HDFS. With one reducer, all instances of matching patterns are gathered together in one file on HDFS.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* It is legal to set the number of reduce-tasks to zero if no reduction is desired.
In this case the outputs of the map-tasks go directly to the FileSystem, into the output path set by setOutputPath(Path). The framework does not sort the map-outputs before writing them out to the
FileSystem.
* Often, you may want to process input data using a map function only. To do this, simply set mapreduce.job.reduces to zero. The MapReduce framework will not create any reducer tasks.
Rather, the outputs of the mapper tasks will be the final output of the job.
Note:
Reduce
In this phase the reduce(WritableComparable, Iterator, OutputCollector, Reporter) method is called for each <key, (list of values)> pair in the grouped inputs.
The output of the reduce task is typically written to the FileSystem via
OutputCollector.collect(WritableComparable, Writable).
Applications can use the Reporter to report progress, set application-level status messages and update Counters, or just indicate that they are alive.
The output of the Reducer is not sorted.

QUESTION NO: 3
Which best describes how TextInputFormat processes input files and line breaks?
A. Input file splits may cross line breaks. A line that crosses file splits is read by the RecordReader of the split that contains the beginning of the broken line.
B. Input file splits may cross line breaks. A line that crosses file splits is read by the RecordReaders of both splits containing the broken line.
C. The input file is split exactly at the line breaks, so each RecordReader will read a series of complete lines.
D. Input file splits may cross line breaks. A line that crosses file splits is ignored.
E. Input file splits may cross line breaks. A line that crosses file splits is read by the RecordReader of the split that contains the end of the broken line.
Answer: A
Reference: How Map and Reduce operations are actually carried out

QUESTION NO: 4
In a MapReduce job with 500 map tasks, how many map task attempts will there be?
A. It depends on the number of reduces in the job.
B. Between 500 and 1000.
C. At most 500.
D. At least 500.
E. Exactly 500.
Answer: D
Explanation:
From Cloudera Training Course:
Task attempt is a particular instance of an attempt to execute a task
- There will be at least as many task attempts as there are tasks
- If a task attempt fails, another will be started by the JobTracker
- Speculative execution can also result in more task attempts than completed tasks

QUESTION NO: 5
You have just executed a MapReduce job.
Where is intermediate data written to after being emitted from the Mapper's map method?
A. Intermediate data in streamed across the network from Mapper to the Reduce and is never written to disk.
B. Into in-memory buffers on the TaskTracker node running the Mapper that spill over and are written into HDFS.
C. Into in-memory buffers that spill over to the local file system of the TaskTracker node running the
Mapper.
D. Into in-memory buffers that spill over to the local file system (outside HDFS) of the TaskTracker node running the Reducer
E. Into in-memory buffers on the TaskTracker node running the Reducer that spill over and are written into HDFS.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The mapper output (intermediate data) is stored on the Local file system (NOT HDFS) of each individual mapper nodes. This is typically a temporary directory location which can be setup in config by the hadoop administrator. The intermediate data is cleaned up after the Hadoop Job completes.
Reference: 24 Interview Questions & Answers for Hadoop MapReduce developers, Where is the
Mapper Output (intermediate kay-value data) stored ?

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Updated: May 27, 2022